The Belle II experiment is a new generation B factory experiment at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. The main purpose of the experiment is to search for new physics with a huge sample of B meson decays. The proximity-focusing Aerogel Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detector (ARICH) has been designed to identify kaons and pions in the forward end-cap of the Belle II spectrometer. Using aerogel...
High-efficiency and high-purity particle identification are fundamental requirements for the success of the Belle II experiment, whose main goal is to explore the new-physics scenarios in the CP-violating decays of the B mesons.
To achieve the required PID performances, the Time-of-propagation counter (TOP) has been installed in the central barrel region. This unique device consists in 16 bars...
The LHCb experiment has collected an unprecedented data sample to investi-
gate beauty and charm hadrons decays. One of its key detector components is
the RICH system providing excellent particle identification (PID) over a wide
momentum range (2-100 GeV). Last year for the first time the RICH detectors
have been operated in the automatic LHCb online alignment framework that,
together...
COMPASS RICH-1 has been upgraded in 2016 with Hybrid MPGD-based photon detectors, covering a total active area of 1.4 square meters. The detector architecture consists of two layers of THGEMs, the first of which also acts as a reflective photocathode and a bulk Micromegas on a pad-segmented anode; the signals are read-out via capacitive coupling by analog F-E based on the APV-25 chip.
The...
The CLAS12 experiment at the upgraded 12 GeV continuous electron beam accelerator facility of Jefferson Lab will offer unique possibilities to study the 3D nucleon structure in the yet poorly explored valence region by deep-inelastic scattering, and to perform precision measurements in hadron spectroscopy.
A large area Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detector has been designed to provide clean...
NA62 is the last generation kaon experiment at the CERN SPS aiming to study the ultra-rare $K^+ \rightarrow \pi^+ \nu \overline{\nu}$ decay. According to the Standard Model (SM) prediction, the decay branching ratio (BR) is of O($10^{-10}$) with very small uncertainty. The main goal of the NA62 experiment is the measurement of this BR with 10% accuracy. This is achieved by collecting about 100...
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a high-energy particle physics magnetic spectrometer installed on the International Space Station since May 2011, and operating continuously since then. Thanks to the large acceptance, long exposure time and particle identification capabilities, AMS-02 measures cosmic rays fluxes in the kinetic energy range between a fraction of GeV/n to multi-TeV/n...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is located at the geographic South Pole and consists of over 5000 optical sensors embedded in the Antarctic ice along with 81 cosmic ray detector and veto stations on the surface. IceCube was designed to detect high energy neutrinos from extreme astrophysical environments which are potential cosmic ray acceleration sites, such as active galactic nuclei, gamma...
ANTARES, the largest underwater neutrino telescope in the Northern Hemisphere, has been continuously operating since 2007 in the Mediterranean Sea. The transparency of the water allows for a very good angular resolution in the reconstruction of signatures of interactions from neutrinos of all flavors. This results in unprecedented sensitivity for neutrino source searches in the Southern Sky at...
Abstract. Here we want to report on significantly increased observation limits of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. Typically these telescopes observe sources until the zenith angle 60°. There exist some observational results when sources were observed till the zenith angle 70°, but these suffer from systematic errors. One of the main problems with large zenith angle observation is related to...
NEVOD - the first in the world Cherenkov water detector (CWD) at the Earth’s surface equipped with a spatial lattice of quasi-spherical measuring modules for the investigations of all basic components of cosmic rays including neutrinos is considered. A large dynamic diapason and close location of quasispherical modules allows use this detector as a Cherenkov water calorimeter for cascade...
One of the most informative methods of cosmic ray studies is the detection of Cherenkov light from extensive air showers (EAS). The primary energy reconstruction is possible by using the Earth’s atmosphere as a huge calorimeter. The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with ~ 3 km2 geometrical area, is taking data since 2009. Tunka-133 is located in Tunka Astophysical Center at -~50 km to...
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation of ground-based observatory in the Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray domain. The observatory, operating in an open, all-sky mode, will consist of two sites, one in the Northern Hemisphere, at Observatorio Roque de los Muchachos (La Palma, Spain), and another in the Southern Hemisphere. CTA will implement Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov...
Cherenkov light emission is widely used in numerous astroparticle physics experiments where the success was reached with the detection technique using the imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The base of such experiments is that the Cherenkov light emitted from the particles of extensive air shower created by the primary gamma-ray is collected by a mirror reflector and then detected by a...
The Cherenkov Telescope Array project is the next generation of ground-based very high energy gamma-ray instrument. It will serve as an open observatory for a wide astrophysics community and will provide a deep insight into the non-thermal high-energy universe. The array for the southern observatory will consist of about 4 large, 25 medium and 70 small size telescopes.
The small size...
Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest detector ever built for measuring the air-showers produced by ultra high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface detector of 1600 water Cherenkov detectors spread over 3000 km2 with 27 telescopes. Currently the Pierre Auger collaboration is deploying an upgrade of the surface detector, AugerPrime. The surface detectors are being equipped with...
Super-Kamiokande (SK) is a water Cherenkov detector located 1,000 m underground in Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, University of Tokyo in Japan. It consists from a cylindrical stainless steel tank, 50,000 ton of purified water, and 11,000 of 20-inch PMTs, as shown in Fig. 1. The fiducial volume of the SK detector is 22.5 kton. The experiment was started in April 1996, and currently phase IV (SK-IV)...
Gaseous photomultipliers are strongly benefiting from the tremendous developments that micropatterned gaseous detectors have gone through in the last years. These developments triggered different possibilities of combining photocatodes and electron multipliers, leading to gaseous photomultipliers with impressive performances even when large detection areas are considered. Advances and future...
Modern tasks of very high energy gamma-ray astronomy and astrophysics require the effective and secure record of PMT signals from EAS Cherenkov lighting in the wide energy range from hundred GeV up to some hundred TeV, thus the more than 1000 dynamic range and low noise electronics are required for these purposes. Here we present the modern multi-channel analog-to-digital converter BPA-8...
The basis of Experimental complex NEVOD located in MEPhI is the Cherenkov water detector NEVOD with volume of 2000 m^3 equipped with a dense spatial lattice of quasi-spherical modules (QSMs, 91 in total). Each module consists of six FEU-200 PMTs with flat photocathodes directed along the axes of the orthogonal coordinate system. Cascade showers with energies of 100 - 500 GeV were generated by...
Silicon photomultipliers are an interesting alternative sensor of single photons. One of their biggest disadvantages is their huge background and sensitivity to neutron irradiation. The first one can be overcome by using a narrow time window in an analysis or during data acquisition. To maximize their signal to the noise a light collection system can be used which collects the photons from a...
The talk is devoted to the currently being developed procedure of charged particle identification with the multilayer liquid Xenon calorimeter of the CMD-3 detector. The procedure uses the boosted decision trees classification method with specific energy losses of charged particles as input variables. The efficiency of the procedure is illustrated by an example of the selection of the events...
The Latin American Giant Observatory (LAGO) is composed by a network of water Cherenkov detectors installed in the Andean region at various latitudes, from Sierra Negra in M\'exico 18$^{\circ}$ 59' N to the Antarctic Peninsula 64$^{\circ}$ 14'S 56$^{\circ}$ 38' O and altitudes from Lima, Peru at 20 m a.s.l. to Chacaltaya, Bolivia at 5400 m a s.l. The detectors of the network are built on the...
A number of small-size photomultipliers have been developed by collaboration of INR RAS and MELZ-FEU for large-scale astroparticle physics experiments in particular for neutrino, gamma-astronomy and cosmic ray physics experiments. The developed photomultipliers are of different sizes and optimized for use in Cherenkov and scintillation detectors. The photomultipliers are of different sizes and...
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future FAIR complex will investigate the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter at high baryon density and moderate temperatures in A+A collisions from 2-11 AGeV at the SIS 100 accelerator setup.
One of the key detector components foreseen to cope with the CBM physics program is the RICH detector, providing efficient and clean...
We developed a number of LED drivers based on fast blue and UV LEDs. The drivers are inexpensive, robust and simple in operation. They can imitate well Cherenkov and scintillation light pulses. The drivers can be used for calibration purposes in Cherenkov and scintillation detectors. For Cherenkov detectors the fastest LED drivers are used, their light pulses width is less than 1 ns (fwhm) and...
In the forward end-cap of the Belle II spectrometer, the proximity focusing RICH with aerogel radiator will be used for charged particle identification. The detector, consisting of 4~cm aerogel radiator, 16~cm expansion volume and a photon detector plane with 420 Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detectors is mounted in a very confined space between central drift chamber and electromagnetic calorimeter,...
The Compact High Energy Camera (CHEC) is a focal plane camera designed for two mirror Schwarzschild-Couder design Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT) such as the SST-2M variants on the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). It utilises a 2048 pixel array of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) arranged in thirty-two 8 x 8 pixel tiles. Each detector tile is instrumented with a front-end electronics...
Fully integrated digital readout, pulse analysis, extraction of time and charge, signal alignment, multiplicity analysis and trigger generation electronics have been developed for the new Cherenkov-based Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) for the upgrade of the ALICE detector at LHC,CERN. FIT will also serve as the main luminometer, collision time, multiplicity, centrality, and reaction plane...
This work presents performance and characteristics for detectors based on developed in NRC «Kurchatov Institute – IHEP» photomultipliers with distant photocathode (FEU-KS) and polystyrene-based scintillators with 0.5 – 1 mm thickness and up to 200 mm width.
Photomultiplier FEU-KS is a tubular glass envelope 40 mm diameter and be-alkaline photocathode 15200 mm2 size, 200 mm length dynodes...
The HADES and CBM experiment both employ gaseous RICH detectors for high performance electron identification. Currently, the HADES RICH detector is undergoing an upgrade of its photodetector in order to improve the performance for future measurements at SIS 18 and SIS 100 at GSI/ FAIR. Both RICH detectors will share the same H12700 MAPMTs from Hamamatsu and will use the same FPGA based readout...
An experiment on the measurements of the Cherenkov light yield of inclined cosmic ray muon bundles in water is being conducted at the Experimental complex NEVOD (MEPhI). The total number of Cherenkov photons is nearly proportional to the muon energy deposit (including secondary particles and cascades from them) within the detector volume. Since in the muon energy range above a hundred GeV the...
In this work we show the neutron detection capabilities of a water Cherenkov
detector (WCD). The experiments presented here were performed using a
simple WCD with a single photomultiplier tube (PMT) and a $^{252}$Cf
neutron source. We compared the use of pure water and water with non
contaminant additives as the detection volume, while explore different
neutron moderators and shield...
Gaseous radiators are required for high momenta hadron PID, where limited length of the radiator compatible with a collider experiment is the key challenge. Selecting photon wavelength in far UltraViolet (UV) domain, around 120 nm, is an effective option to increase number of detectable photons: here the Cherenkov photon rate is higher. In this domain, gaseous photodetectors with Cesium Iodide...
The Time-Of-Propagation counter is a new particle identification (PID) device which was introduced by the Belle II experiment, an upgrade of the Belle experiment. The counter is based on a novel idea of extracting Cherenkov ring information using precise timing information. This feature enables significant improvement of PID performance and a compact detector system, allowing more space for...
The Taiga experiment at Tunka valley near Baikal is heading with new scintillation detector stations named Taiga-Muon, for advanced study of astroparticle. The realistic model of experiment was created by using GEANT4 software package. The Monte Carlo simulation of experiment is done with Corsika and Geant4, with the help additional libraries FLUKA, COAST. The extensive air showers of primary...
The near UV background level at the atmosphere has several sources. In order to evaluate the possibility to detect ultra high energy cosmic ray fluorescence signals, it is necessary to measure and monitor this UV background level. Study of space-time development of UV background level and events presented is suggested by Garipov-Khrenov in 1994-1995. By that, we construct a new fast imaging...
Approaching the end of the LHC Run 2 period (2015-2018), the ALICE High Momentum Particle IDentification (HMPID) detector, based on RICH counters, is on hold for operating at the High Luminosity LHC Run 3 period (HL-LHC 20120-2023) when the collider will provide up to 50 kHz of Pb-Pb collision rate at √𝑠𝑁𝑁 = 5.5 TeV.
The upgraded ALICE detector will be able to read out all interactions and...
The LHCb experiment has collected data corresponding to 6.9 fb-1 of integrated luminosity since 2010 and the two RICH detectors have been essential for most of the LHCb physics programme. Preparations are underway to install an upgraded RICH detector so that from 2021 onwards LHCb can collect data corresponding to 5 fb-1 of integrated luminosity per year in order to improve the statistical...
Problems of registration of Cherenkov radiation using photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with flat and hemispherical photocathodes are considered. Configurations of several PMTs with flat photocathodes allow to design a module that has the properties of spherical PMT. Besides the independence of its response on the direction of incident Cherenkov radiation, such quasi-spherical module (QSM) allows...
The Aerogel Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detector (ARICH) was developed to provide a particle identification in the forward endcap of Belle II detector at a SuperKEKB electron–positron collider at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan. It is used to identify charged $\pi $ and K mesons at momenta between 0.5 and 4.0 GeV/c. The ARICH system is a proximity-focusing RICH...
We present the concept of a single-photon imager capable of detecting up to 10$^9$ photons per second with simultaneous measurement of position ($<$10$\mu$m resolution) and time (few tens of picosecond resolution) for each individual photon over an active area of 7 cm$^2$. The detector is based on a “hybrid” concept: a vacuum tube, with a transparent input window on which a suitable...
The LHCb RICH system will undergo major modifications for the LHCb Upgrade during the Long Shutdown 2 of the LHC, and the current photon detectors will be replaced by Multi Anode PMTs. The operating conditions of the upgraded experiment puts forth significant requirements onto the MaPMTs in terms of their performance, durability & reliability. Presented is an overview of the testing facilities...
Cherenkov electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL)is being developed to complement the dilepton spectrometer HADES currently operating at SIS18 accelerator (GSI Darmstadt, Germany). Later itwill be used at HADES@FAIR experiments. Neutral meson production in heavy ion collisions and detection of photons from strange resonances in elementary and heavy ion reactionswill be measured with this...
Aerogel for different types of Cherenkov detectors is produced by a collaboration of Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics and Boreskov Institute of Catalysis during more than two decades. Until recently, only the production of two sizes was possible in large numbers: 50x50 and 115x115 $mm^2$.
This work is devoted to the development of the production technology of large scale aerogel radiators...
The article contains interesting details of the design and implementation of the experiment at significant stages, allowing to more accurately represent the research character of the young graduate student PA. Cherenkov, contribution to the experimental work of its leader, SI. Vavilov, the creative atmosphere of the FIAN of that time. A short history of awarding the Nobel Prize for...
Hyper-Kamiokande is the next generation Water Cherenkov detector that is being developed by an international collaboration as a leading worldwide experiment based in Japan. It will address the biggest unsolved questions in physics through a multi-decade physics program that will start in the middle of the next decade. The Hyper-Kamiokande detector will be the largest underground water...
Application of micro-pattern gaseous detectors to photon detection has been widely investigated over the past decades. In this talk, I will present a double micro-mesh (DMM) gaseous structure developed with a thermal bonding technique for this application. A detector prototype has been built with this structure and showed excellent performance for detecting single photons in various tests with...
The Aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov (ARICH) counter is a particle identification device located in the endcap region of the Belle II detector. The main components of the ARICH counter are 248 silica aerogel tiles built into the Cherenkov radiator and 420 Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detectors (HAPDs) making up the photon detector. Angular distribution of Cherenkov photons emitted from silica aerogel...
Particle identification is a central requirement of the experiments at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) recommended by the U.S. Nuclear Science Advisory Committee Long Range Plan. In particular, hadron identification at high momenta by RICH techniques requires the use of low density gaseous radiators, where the challenge is the limited length of the radiator region available at a...
A large area Ring-Imaging Cherenkov detector has been designed to provide clean hadron identification capability in the momentum range from 3 GeV/c up to 8 GeV/c for the CLAS12 experiment. The adopted solution foresees a novel hybrid optics design based on aerogel radiator, composite mirrors and high-packed and high-segmented photon detector.
The photon detector must efficiently detect...
Development of solid state photon detectors is a mature field of engineering and technology based on well-established grounds of solid state physics, and, in the same time, a frontier area of research and innovations faced with dramatic challenges.
The ultimate challenge for the modern developments is a detection of any optical signal at a quantum level – resolving arrival time and spatial...
The new Fast Interaction Trigger (FIT) detector has been designed to serve as the main luminometer, collision time, multiplicity, centrality, and reaction plane detector for the upgraded ALICE experiment during Run 3 and 4 at LHC, CERN. FIT will consist of a large scintillator ring and 52 Cherenkov modules combined in two arrays. Each module is based on Cherenkov radiators with four-fold...
Researchers at IHEP have conceived a new concept of MCP-PMT several years ago. The small MCP units replace the bulky Dynode chain in the large PMTs. In addition the transmission and reflection photocathode in the same glass bulb to enhance the efficiency of photoelectron conversion. After three years R&D, a number of 8 inch prototypes were produced in 2013. The 20 inch prototypes were followed...
PANDA is a hadron physics experiment at the FAIR facility at GSI which will employ a high intensity antiproton beam of up to 15 GeV/c to do high precision studies of, among others, objectives like charmonium spectroscopy and search for gluonic excitations. The measurements require a robust and compact PID system placed inside a magnetic field of $>$1 Tesla with the main components being two...
The VSiPMT (Vacuum Silicon PhotoMultiplier Tube) is an original design for an innovative light detector we proposed with the aim to create new scientific instrumentation for future missions of exploration and observation of the universe.
The idea behind this device is to replace the classical dynode chain of a photomultiplier tube with a silicon photomultiplier, the latter acting as an...
The main goal of the NA62 experiment is to measure the branching ratio of the K+ → π+ ν ν̄ decay with ∼10% precision. The NA62 RICH is crucial for the identification of charged particles from kaon and pion decays. In particular, the detector should perform well enough to provide a muon suppression factor of at least 100 for the pion sample in the momentum range between 15 and 35 GeV/c while...
The NA62 experiment aims to measure the $BR(K+\rightarrow \pi^+ \nu \bar{\nu})$ with a 10% precision. One of the main backgrounds comes from the decay $K^+ \rightarrow \mu^+ \nu$, therefore a highly powerful pion/muon separation is needed. The NA62 RICH, together with the calorimeter system, provides an accurate particle identification. The first results of the NA62 $K^+ \rightarrow \pi^+ \nu...
The ALICE apparatus is devoted to collect pp, p-A and A-A collisions data provided by the LHC, to study the properties of strongly interacting matter under extremely high temperature and energy density conditions. In ALICE, the tracks momentum is evaluated exploiting a solenoid magnetic field of 0.5 T. Among the ALICE PID detectors, the HMPID (High Momentum Particle Identification Detector) is...
To efficiently separate hadrons in the forward end-cap of the Belle II spectrometer, an aerogel proximity focusing Ring Imaging Detector is installed in the high magnetic field between the central drift chamber and electromagnetic calorimeter. Cherenkov photons, emitted in the double layer aerogel radiator are expanded in the 16 cm empty space and detected on the photon detector comprising by...
The barrel-Time-of-Flight detector is one of the outer layers of the multi-layer design of the PANDA target spectrometer, covering an angle of 22 $< \theta_{lab} <$ 150. PANDA, which is being built at the FAIR facility, will use cooled antiprotons on a fixed Hydrogen or nuclei target, to study broad topics in hadron physics.
The detector is a scintillating tile hodoscope with an SiPM...
This review discusses the application of the aerogel as radiator in Cherenkov detectors. The talk gives the view on the history of use of aerogel in detectors for particle physics experiments. Physical principles of such detectors construction and operation are described. Data on threshold Cherenkov counters with direct light collection and on those using wavelength shifters are presented....
The TORCH time-of-flight detector, designed to provide particle identification over the momentum range 2–10 GeV/c over large areas, is under development. The detector exploits prompt Cherenkov light produced by charge particles traversing a 10 mm thick quartz plate. The photons propagate via total-internal reflection and are focussed onto a detector plane comprising position-sensitive...
The ALICE Time Of Flight (TOF) detector is based on 1638 Multigap strip RPCs, for a total active area of 140 m$^2$ and more than 150000 readout channels. After ten years of operations the detector performance remains excellent, with no observable degradation in stability of operation nor in efficiency of particle detection. A new calibration has brought to a significant improvement in the time...
Next generation ring imaging $\mathrm{\check{C}erenkov}$ detectors at high luminosity accelerators, like HL-LHC, have to provide particle identification in increasingly challenging conditions.
The photon detectors will have to cope with high track densities, leading to hit rates up to $\mathrm{10\ Mhits\ {s}^{-1}\ {mm}^{-2}}$, and with high radiation levels, namely a total dose up to a few...
We report on recent developments of Nanostructured Organosilicon Luminophores (NOLs) and their application as highly efficient and fast wavelength shifters (WLS) in various types of elementary particles photodetectors. NOL consists of two types of covalently bonded via Si atoms organic luminophores with efficient Förster resonance energy transfer between them. NOLs combine the best properties...
We have been developing silica aerogels for use as RICH radiators used in the HELIX (High-Energy Light Isotope eXperiment) spectrometer. The HELIX program is a balloon-borne cosmic-ray experiment designed to measure the mass of light cosmic-ray isotopes (in particular, those of beryllium). The main objective is to explore the propagation mechanism of cosmic rays by measuring the relative...
The detectors in positron emission tomography (PET) can be based on detection of Cherenkov light instead of the traditional approach of using scintillation light. This enables excellent time resolution that can be used in time-of-flight (TOF) PET, but it proved difficult to achieve efficiency in detection of annihilation gammas comparable to traditional methods. The Cherenkov method however...
In the last decade the Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera of the Italian Institute for Astrophysics, INAF, got deeply involved in Cherenkov optics manufacturing and testing contributing to the realization of mirrors for MAGIC and CTA projects. In this paper we would like to review the characterization facilities that INAF-OAB developed to qualify Cherenkov mirrors performance. The design of...
The LHCb Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector system has been operated with very high availability in the LHCb experiment since 2009, performing charged hadron identification in a wide momentum range with high efficiency and providing crucial information for most physics analyses.
The LHCb experiment will undergo a major upgrade during the second LHC long shutdown (2019-2020), improving the...
The HADES RICH detector at GSI/FAIR is currently being upgraded using Hamamatsu H12700 photomultipliers for Cherenkov photon detection. The same sensors will be also used by the CBM RICH detector, which is being built at FAIR-SIS100. A total of 1100 already delivered MAPMTs have been individually measured with respect to sensitivity, gain, dark current, and afterpulsing.
The test data prove...
In the proposed Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) experiments, particle identification (PID) of the final state hadrons in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering allows the measurement of flavor-dependent gluon and quark distributions inside nucleons and nuclei. The EIC PID consortium (eRD14 Collaboration) has been formed for identifying and developing PID detectors using ring imaging...
The PANDA detector at the international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR) in Darmstadt (Germany) will address fundamental questions of hadron physics in high-energy antiproton collisions with fixed hydrogen and nuclear targets.
The PANDA Forward RICH (FRICH) is intended for identification of charged particles with forward polar angles below 5°–10° and...
The PANDA experiment at the international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR), under construction near GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, will address fundamental questions of hadron physics. Excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a large range of solid angles and particle momenta will be essential to meet the objectives of the rich physics program. Charged PID...
This year we start assembling the DIRC detector to upgrade the particle identification capabilities in the forward region of the GlueX detector in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The main components of the GlueX DIRC are the four radiator boxes (reused from the decommissioned BaBar DIRC) and two photon cameras, which were designed based on the prototype for the SuperB FDIRC. The first radiator box...
The excellent PID system is needed for successful execution of the broad experimental program at future Super C-$\tau$ Factory in Novosibirsk. The main requirements for PID system are following: good $\pi/K$-separation in whole operational momentum range and good $\mu/\pi$-separation in momentum range from 0.4 up to 1.2 GeV/c. The RICH detector based on focusing aerogel (FARICH) suits for all...
In a Cherenkov detector, the refractive index of the conventional radiator sets a fundamental limit to the momentum coverage and sensitivity, for particle identification. For example for particles above 10 GeV/c, RICH detectors use large gas radiators. There is a dearth of materials to cover the full 1-10 GeV/c range. A new mechanism based on constructive interference of resonance transition...
